Friday, June 15, 2018
Friday, October 18, 2013
FRCR Oncology Part 1: Medical Statistic 8 (13 questions)
1. The two independent samples t statistic, according to Norman and Streiner (2009) can be interpreted as:
a. (Observed difference in means)/(pooled standard deviation) = signal/noise
b. (Observed difference in means)/(expected variability in means due to random sampling) = noise/signal
c. (Observed difference in means)/(expected variability in means due to random sampling) = signal/noise
d. (Observed treatment mean)/(expected variability in means due to random sampling) = noise/signal
e. (Observed difference in medians)/(expected variability in medians due to random sampling) = signal/noise
2. The two independent samples t statistic, makes an additional assumption, compared to that of the one sample/paired t statistic, that is assessed by Levenes statistic what is this:
a. Variances of both samples is due to random sampling
b. Variances of both samples is due to sampling bias
c. Variances of both samples is due to sample size
d. Variances of both samples is significantly different
e. Means of both samples is due to random sampling
3. The sampling distribution of Levenes statistic follows a particular theoretical distribution which of the following is it?
a. Standard normal
b. t
c. F
d. Chi square
e. Exponential
4. Traditionally, when evaluating a null hypothesis one makes use of a critical value. A critical value . is. .?
a. a value set by the computer to create a decision rule regarding acceptance/rejection of the null hypothesis
b. a value you set to create a decision rule regarding effect size
c. a value set by the computer to create a decision rule regarding acceptance/rejection of the null hypothesis
d. a value you set to create a confidence interval regarding acceptance/rejection of the null hypothesis
e. a value you set to create a decision rule regarding acceptance/rejection of the null hypothesis
5. Traditionally a critical value is set at one of the following. . .?
a. 0.05, 0.01, 0.00001
b. 0.05, 0.01, 0.001
c. 0.5, 0.1, 0.001
d. 0.5, 0.01, 0.001
e. 0.005, 0.001, 0.005
a. (Observed difference in means)/(pooled standard deviation) = signal/noise
b. (Observed difference in means)/(expected variability in means due to random sampling) = noise/signal
c. (Observed difference in means)/(expected variability in means due to random sampling) = signal/noise
d. (Observed treatment mean)/(expected variability in means due to random sampling) = noise/signal
e. (Observed difference in medians)/(expected variability in medians due to random sampling) = signal/noise
2. The two independent samples t statistic, makes an additional assumption, compared to that of the one sample/paired t statistic, that is assessed by Levenes statistic what is this:
a. Variances of both samples is due to random sampling
b. Variances of both samples is due to sampling bias
c. Variances of both samples is due to sample size
d. Variances of both samples is significantly different
e. Means of both samples is due to random sampling
3. The sampling distribution of Levenes statistic follows a particular theoretical distribution which of the following is it?
a. Standard normal
b. t
c. F
d. Chi square
e. Exponential
4. Traditionally, when evaluating a null hypothesis one makes use of a critical value. A critical value . is. .?
a. a value set by the computer to create a decision rule regarding acceptance/rejection of the null hypothesis
b. a value you set to create a decision rule regarding effect size
c. a value set by the computer to create a decision rule regarding acceptance/rejection of the null hypothesis
d. a value you set to create a confidence interval regarding acceptance/rejection of the null hypothesis
e. a value you set to create a decision rule regarding acceptance/rejection of the null hypothesis
5. Traditionally a critical value is set at one of the following. . .?
a. 0.05, 0.01, 0.00001
b. 0.05, 0.01, 0.001
c. 0.5, 0.1, 0.001
d. 0.5, 0.01, 0.001
e. 0.005, 0.001, 0.005
FRCR Oncology Part 1: Medical Statistic 7 (13 questions)
1. The t pdf has a mean value of:
a. 0
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
2. The one sample t statistic, according to Norman and Streiner (2009) can be interpreted as:
a. (Observed difference in means)/(pooled standard deviation) = signal/noise
b. (Observed difference in means)/(expected variability in means due to random sampling) = noise/signal
c. (Observed difference in means)/(expected variability in means due to random sampling) = signal/noise
d. (Observed mean)/(expected variability in means due to random sampling) = noise/signal
e. (Observed difference in medians)/(expected variability in medians due to random sampling) = signal/noise
3. The one sample t statistic, is suitable in the following situation:
a. Comparison of a sample mean to that of a population mean
b. Comparison of a sample proportion to that of a population proportion
c. Comparison of a sample mean to that of a population one, where the sampling distribution is exponential
d. Comparison of a sample distribution to that of a population
e. Comparison of a sample mean to that of a population one over a time period
4. The one sample t statistic, has a degrees of freedom equal to:
a. Number of observations in sample plus one
b. Number of observations in sample
c. Number of observations in sample minus one
d. Number of observations in sample minus two
e. Number of observations in sample minus three
5. The p value associated with the one sample t statistic, assumes the following:
a. Mean of sample is not equal to the comparator
b. Mean of sample less than that of the comparator
c. Mean of sample greater than that of the comparator
d. Mean of sample and comparator are identical
e. None of the above
a. 0
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
2. The one sample t statistic, according to Norman and Streiner (2009) can be interpreted as:
a. (Observed difference in means)/(pooled standard deviation) = signal/noise
b. (Observed difference in means)/(expected variability in means due to random sampling) = noise/signal
c. (Observed difference in means)/(expected variability in means due to random sampling) = signal/noise
d. (Observed mean)/(expected variability in means due to random sampling) = noise/signal
e. (Observed difference in medians)/(expected variability in medians due to random sampling) = signal/noise
3. The one sample t statistic, is suitable in the following situation:
a. Comparison of a sample mean to that of a population mean
b. Comparison of a sample proportion to that of a population proportion
c. Comparison of a sample mean to that of a population one, where the sampling distribution is exponential
d. Comparison of a sample distribution to that of a population
e. Comparison of a sample mean to that of a population one over a time period
4. The one sample t statistic, has a degrees of freedom equal to:
a. Number of observations in sample plus one
b. Number of observations in sample
c. Number of observations in sample minus one
d. Number of observations in sample minus two
e. Number of observations in sample minus three
5. The p value associated with the one sample t statistic, assumes the following:
a. Mean of sample is not equal to the comparator
b. Mean of sample less than that of the comparator
c. Mean of sample greater than that of the comparator
d. Mean of sample and comparator are identical
e. None of the above
FRCR Oncology Part 1: Cancer Biology and Radiobiology 10 (20 questions)
1) Based on animal studies, the most radiosensitive gestational age in terms of embryonic mortality is approximately:
A. 0-1 weeks
B. 1-4 weeks
C. 4-8 weeks
D. 8-15 weeks
E. 15-40 weeks
2) Which of the following pairs of gestational stage and linked radiation-induced developmental defect is CORRECT?
A. preimplantation – congenital malformations
B. organogenesis – prenatal death
C. early fetal period – mental retardation
D. late fetal period – neonatal death
E. entire gestation period – malformations of the kidney
3) Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning ionizing radiation’s effects on the developing embryo or fetus?
A. Irradiation in utero produces stochastic effects, examples of which are prenatal death and congenital malformations.
B. Congenital malformations can be a consequence of irradiation during the organogenesis period.
C. The data obtained for people who were irradiated in utero during the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki support the hypothesis that irradiation during fetal development may cause growth and mental retardation.
D. The dose, dose rate and stage of gestation are important determinants of the type and severity of developmental injury.
E. Ionizing radiation exposure causes a spectrum of developmental defects.
4) Which of the following gestational ages in humans is thought to be the most sensitive time for radiation-induced neonatal death?
A. 0-2 weeks
B. 2-6 weeks
C. 6-15 weeks
D. 15-25 weeks
E. 25-40 weeks
5) A woman begins working at a nuclear power plant on her 18th birthday. According to NCRP guidelines, when she reaches her 20th birthday, she would have been permitted a total work-related lifetime effective dose equivalent of:
A. 5 mSv
B. 50 mSv
C. 100 mSv
D. 200 mSv
E. 300 mSv
A. 0-1 weeks
B. 1-4 weeks
C. 4-8 weeks
D. 8-15 weeks
E. 15-40 weeks
2) Which of the following pairs of gestational stage and linked radiation-induced developmental defect is CORRECT?
A. preimplantation – congenital malformations
B. organogenesis – prenatal death
C. early fetal period – mental retardation
D. late fetal period – neonatal death
E. entire gestation period – malformations of the kidney
3) Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning ionizing radiation’s effects on the developing embryo or fetus?
A. Irradiation in utero produces stochastic effects, examples of which are prenatal death and congenital malformations.
B. Congenital malformations can be a consequence of irradiation during the organogenesis period.
C. The data obtained for people who were irradiated in utero during the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki support the hypothesis that irradiation during fetal development may cause growth and mental retardation.
D. The dose, dose rate and stage of gestation are important determinants of the type and severity of developmental injury.
E. Ionizing radiation exposure causes a spectrum of developmental defects.
4) Which of the following gestational ages in humans is thought to be the most sensitive time for radiation-induced neonatal death?
A. 0-2 weeks
B. 2-6 weeks
C. 6-15 weeks
D. 15-25 weeks
E. 25-40 weeks
5) A woman begins working at a nuclear power plant on her 18th birthday. According to NCRP guidelines, when she reaches her 20th birthday, she would have been permitted a total work-related lifetime effective dose equivalent of:
A. 5 mSv
B. 50 mSv
C. 100 mSv
D. 200 mSv
E. 300 mSv
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